Abstract SDK

The attentive reader will already know that the Abstract SDK is a Rust library that is tightly integrated with Abstract’s on-chain infrastructure. More importantly though, the Abstract SDK is a tool that allows developers to easily perform accounting-based operations and interactions with other smart contracts within their own module.

From a high-level perspective, modules built with the Abstract SDK can use on-chain dependencies (other modules) to isolate specific functionalities. In this way, a module built with the Abstract SDK can explicitly define its dependencies and use them to perform complex multi-contract interactions with very minimal code. This, in turn, allows you to focus on the novel functionality of your application without inheriting the complexity of the underlying infrastructure.

SDK Features

At the heart of the Abstract SDK are “features” - Rust traits that can be seen as building blocks you can combine in various ways. Each feature provides a specific capability or function. By composing these features it is possible to write advanced APIs that are automatically implemented on objects that support its required features.

APIs

Abstract APIs are Rust structs that can be constructed from within a module if that module implements a set of features. Most of these features will already be implemented by us, so don’t have to worry about their implementation.

These retrievable API objects then exposes functions that simplify module development.

For example, the Bank API allows developers to transfer assets from and to an address. The Bank API can be constructed and used as follows:

// Construct the Bank API
let bank: Bank = app.bank(deps.as_ref());
// Do a transfer
let transfer_action: AccountAction = bank.transfer(vec![asset.clone()], recipient)?;

Note: The Bank API is just one of the many APIs that are available in the Abstract SDK. You can find a list of all available APIs (and how to build one yourself) in the abstract-sdk Rust docs section.

We’ll dive deeper into the Abstract SDK’s APIs in the Build With Abstract section.

Module Bases

Our module bases are generic CosmWasm contract implementations that:

• Have some state and functionality already implemented.
• Can be extended and composed by appending your custom logic to them.

Think of each of these bases as a foundation for building your application using the Abstract SDK. There are different types of bases available, each tailored for specific needs and functionalities.

• App
• Adapter

We will go into the technical details of these bases and their differences in the Build With Abstract section.

Example: Autocompounder

Let’s take a look at what an Autocompounder app built with the Abstract SDK would look like. This Autocompounder has a dependency on two adapters, a Dex and Staking adapter. Drawing out the architecture would result in something like this:

flowchart LR
    subgraph Autocompounder Application
        direction BT
        Autocompounder -.-> Dex
        Autocompounder -.-> Staking
        Staking --> Account
        Autocompounder --> Account
        Dex --> Account
    end

    User[fa:fa-users Users] ==> Autocompounder

Each solid arrow represents permissions to perform actions on behalf of the account. These permissions allow the contracts to move funds, interact with other contracts through the account, and perform other actions. It does this by sending messages to the account, which then executes them on behalf of the module. This is the basic idea behind account abstraction and is further elaborated in on the account abstraction page. Now, let’s focus on the dotted arrows.

Each dotted arrow indicates a dependency between modules. These dependencies are explicitly defined in the module that takes on the dependencies and are asserted when the module is installed. In this example the Autocompounder module is able to access special functionality (like swapping or staking assets) from its dependencies (the dex and staking adapters). Through this mechanism, a major reduction in the application’s amount of code and complexity is achieved.

From a developer ecosystem standpoint, this modular approach encourages collaboration and cross-team code re-use, a practice that has been proven to accelerate development and increase developers’ productivity.